17.94 (2010)
Open(Well-known problem). Can the free product $\mathbb{Z} \ast G$ of the infinite cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}$ and a nontrivial group $G$ be the normal closure of a single element?
Progress
Editors’ comments: the negation is also known as Kervaire’s conjecture. It was proved for torsion-free groups (A. Klyachko, Commun. Algebra, 21, no. 7 (1993), 2555–2575) and for residually finite groups (M. Gerstenhaber, O. S. Rothaus, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 48 (1962) 1531–1533).
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