12.22 (1992)
SolvedLet $\Delta(G)$ be the augmentation ideal of the integer group ring of an arbitrary group $G$. Then $D_n(G) = G \cap (1 + \Delta^n(G))$ contains the $nth$ lower central subgroup $\gamma_n(G)$ of $G$.
$\qquad$ a) Is it true that $D_n(G)/\gamma_n(G)$ is central in $G/\gamma_n(G)$?
$\qquad$ b) Is it true that $D_n(G)/\gamma_n(G)$ has exponent dividing 2?
Progress
a) No, not always; moreover, $D_n(G)/\gamma_n(G)$ need not be contained in any term of the upper central series of $G/\gamma_n(G)$ with fixed number (N. D. Gupta, Yu. V. Kuz’min, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 104, no. 1 (1995), 191–197).
b) No, not always (L. Bartholdi, R. Mikhailov, J. Topology, 16, no. 2 (2023), 822–853).
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